Verbal Inflections

Non-Past Attributive: positive stem

    fau -> fau munu

    katsI -> katsI hitu

*Ikema does not have a separate attributive form like e.g., Uchinaaguchi

Past: positive stem + tai

    fau -> fautai

    yukuu -> yukuutai

    num -> nuntai

Future*: positive stem + gamata

    faugamata

    yukuugamata

    nungamata

*(has a connotation of “must”)

Negative: negative stem + n

    fau -> faan

    yukuu -> yukuun

    nun -> numan

Past Negative: negative stem + ddan

    fau -> faaddan

    yukuu -> yukuuddan

    num -> numaddan

Desiderative: positive stem + busI

    fau -> faubusI

    yukuu -> yukuubusI

    num -> numbusI

Volitional: negative stem + di

    fau -> faadi

    yukuu -> yukuudi

    num -> numadi

Potential: negative stem + idusI

    fau -> faaidusI

    yukuu -> yukuuidusI

    num -> numaidusI

Prohibitive: negative stem + dauri

    fau -> faadauri

    yukuu -> yukuudauri

    num -> numadauri

Conditional: positive stem + tigaa

    fau -> fautigaa

    yukuu -> yukuutigaa

    num -> nuntigaa

Hayashi (2009) describes different verb groups based on their stem and stem changes in negative form. We tested a number of verbs to see which group they belong to. 

カ行 in Standard Japanese
Japanese	English	non-past	past	negative	negative past	imperative
fuku	to blow	futsI	futsItai	fukan	fukaddan	fuki
kaku	to write	katsI	katsItai	kakan	kakaddan	kaki
kiku	to listen to	tsItsI	tsItsItai	tsIkan	tsIkaddan	tsIki
*positive can also be kafu/tsIfu, but negative can never have f-sound*test fufu
ガ行 in Standard Japanese
Japanese	English	non-past	past	negative	negative past	imperative
isogu	to hurry	isuzI	isuzItai	isugan	isugaddan	isugi
nugu	to undress	nzI	nzItai	ngan	ngaddan	nugi
oyogu	to swim	uuzI	uuzItai	uugan	uugaddan	uugi
サ行 in Standard Japanese
Japanese English non-past past negative negative past imperative naosu     to repair nausI nausItai nauhan nauhaddan naoshi otosu to drop utasI utasItai utahan utahaddan utashi watasu to hand over turasI turasItai turahan turahaddan turashi
タ行 in Standard Japanese
Japanese	English	non-past	past	negative	negative past	imperative
matsu	to wait	matsI	matsItai	machan	machaddan	mati
motsu	to hold	mutsI	mutsItai	muchan	muchaddan	muti
tatsu	to stand	tatsI	tatsItai	tachan	tachaddan	tati
*negative can also be matan/mutan/tatan?
バ行 in Standard Japanese
Japanese	English	non-past	past	negative	negative past	imperative
asobu	to play	asuu	asuutai	asuban	asubaddan	asubi
erabu	to choose	irau	irautai	iraban	irabaddan	irabi
tobu	to fly	tuu	tuutai	tuban	tubaddan	tubi
yobu	to call out	yurau	yurautai	yuraban	yurabaddan	yurabi
マ行/ナ行 in Standard Japanese
Japanese	English	non-past	past	negative	negative past	imperative
nomu	to drink	num	nuntai	numan	numaddan	numi
yomu	to read	yum	yuntai	yuman	yumaddan	yumi
shinu	to die	sIn	sIntai	sInan	sInaddan	sini
ラ行 in Standard Japanese
Japanese	English	non-past	past	negative	negative past	imperative
heru	to decrease	hinai	hinaitai	hinaran	hinaraddan	hinari
keru	to kick	kii	kiitai	kiran	kiraddan	kiri
noru	to ride	nuui	nuuitai	nuuran	nuuraddan	nuiri
odoru	to dance	budui	buduitai	buduran	buduraddan	buduri
oru	to fold	bui	buitai	buran	buraddan	buri
Vowel final A (vowel change)
Japanese	English	non-past	past	negative	negative past	imperative
au	to meet	ijjau	ijjautai	ijjaan	ijjaddan	ijjai
arau	to wash	arau	arautai	araan	araaddan	arai
taberu	to eat	fau	fautai	faan	faaddan	fai
Vowel final B (no vowel change, not in Hayashi?)
Japanese	English	non-past	past	negative	negative past	imperative
sorou	to gather	suruu	suruutai	suruun	suruuddan	surui
yasumu	to rest	yukuu	yukuutai	yukuun	yukuuddan	yukui
Vowel final C (uu -> vv change)
Japanese	English	non-past	past	negative	negative past	imperative
neru	to sleep	nyuu	nyuutai	nivvan	nivvaddan	nivvi
uru	to sell	uu	uutai	vvan	vvaddan	vvi
vvi-final
Japanese	English	non-past	past	negative	negative past	imperative
kaburu	to wear (head)	kavvi	kavvitai	kavvan	kavvaddan	kavvi
Iregular Verbs Japanese English non-past past negative negative past imperative suru do assI assItai hhun hhuddan assI kuru come fuu fuutai kuun kuuddan tsIki

Hayashi Group 5 (fu -> f, e.g. fuu -> ffan “tsukuru”)

*fuu -> fan (furu) ???

*look for examples

Hayashi Group 7 (i -> z, e.g. ai -> azzyan “iu”)

*look for examples